Privacy notice.
What we collect when you use the forms on this site, why, where it goes and how to get it removed. Short, because we collect very little.
Questions about these terms?
What the forms collect
The enquiry forms on this site collect your first and last name, email address, telephone number, postal code and, optionally, your company, city, state, a message, and details of the containers you are asking about. The form also records the address of the page you submitted from, so we know what you were reading.
That is the complete list. There are no hidden fields beyond a single empty decoy field used to filter automated submissions, and a timestamp used for the same purpose.
Why we collect it
To answer your enquiry and to quote. Quantity, cargo and postal code are needed to produce an accurate price; name, email and telephone are how we reply and how a driver reaches you on a delivery day. We have no telephone line, so the number is used by our carriers rather than by us.
Where it goes
Submissions pass through our own server and are forwarded to a third-party lead-capture service that stores the enquiry so our team can work it. No enquiry data is sent to any other processor, we do not sell data, and we do not share it with other suppliers or marketing networks.
Analytics
This site uses a self-hosted-proxy product analytics tool to count page views and understand which pages are useful. It is configured not to build a profile for anonymous visitors. We do not run advertising trackers, retargeting pixels or social media widgets.
Retention
Enquiries are kept for three years, because container buying cycles are long and customers routinely come back to a quote eighteen months later. Transaction records, wash records and test records are kept for seven years for compliance reasons, and may contain your company name and delivery address.
Your choices
Write to hello@re-ibctote.com and ask, and we will tell you what we hold, correct it, or delete it. There is no form and no process to navigate — one email reaches a person. If you ask for deletion we will keep only what compliance record-keeping requires, and we will tell you exactly what that is.
Cookies
No marketing cookies. The analytics tool sets a first-party identifier so repeat visits are not double-counted. Nothing on this site requires a consent banner because nothing on this site tracks you across other websites.
Changes
If this notice changes materially we will update the date at the top. We do not consider silently rewriting a privacy notice an acceptable practice.
Baseline specifications for everything we handle.
| Container | Capacity | Footprint | Height | Tare | Gross at SG 1.0 | Per 53' trailer |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Caged composite IBC | 275 gal / 1,040 L | 40 × 48 in | 46 in | 127 lb | 2,420 lb | 20 floor / 40 stacked |
| Caged composite IBC, XL | 275 gal / 1,040 L | 40 × 48 in | 53 in | 132 lb | 2,425 lb | 20 / 40 |
| Caged composite IBC | 330 gal / 1,250 L | 40 × 48 in | 53 in | 145 lb | 2,900 lb | 20 / 40 |
| Caged composite IBC | 350 gal / 1,325 L | 48 × 48 in | 52 in | 170 lb | 3,090 lb | 18 / 36 |
| Stainless bin, 304 | 350 gal / 1,325 L | 48 × 42 in | 55 in | 420 lb | 3,340 lb | 18 / — |
| Stainless bin, 316L | 500 gal / 1,893 L | 52 in dia. | 74 in | 580 lb | 4,750 lb | 14 / — |
| Poly drum, closed head | 55 gal / 208 L | 23 in dia. | 34.5 in | 22 lb | 480 lb | 80 on pallets |
| Steel drum, lined | 55 gal / 208 L | 22.5 in dia. | 33.5 in | 38 lb | 496 lb | 80 on pallets |
| Salvage overpack | 95 gal / 360 L | 28 in dia. | 40 in | 35 lb | 827 lb | 40 on pallets |
Figures are nominal and vary a little by moulder. Always multiply net volume by the actual specific gravity of your cargo before checking a forklift or racking rating.
The grading system, in one table.
| Grade | Prior cargo | Wash route | Clean index | Price index | Drops a grade if |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A — Food | One, food only, documented | Route 3 potable triple rinse | 100 | 100 | More than one cargo, missing declaration, film on scope, odour fail |
| A — Rebottled | None — new bottle | New, unused | 98 | 86 | Cage fails node inspection or leak test |
| A — Washed | Non-hazardous industrial | Route 2 hot caustic | 92 | 74 | Ghosting remains, or cargo history unverifiable |
| B — Rinsed | Mixed industrial | Route 1 rinse | 72 | 52 | Structural repair, or odour a buyer would notice |
| C — Non-potable | Heavier residue, repaired | Route 1 rinse | 48 | 34 | Any crazing, any persistent bulge, failed leak test |
| D — Reclaim | Failed test or structure | Not resold | 16 | 9 | Not applicable — this is the floor |
Price index is relative to Grade A food at 100, not a quote. The absolute level moves with resin, scrap steel, freight rates and the agricultural season.
What the stock actually looks like.
Unretouched frames from Livonia and from the road. Every unit you can see in them went through the same twenty-two point intake as the one we would send you.
What arrives with the containers.
None of this is optional or chargeable. It is the difference between a reclaimed container and an anonymous second-hand one.
- A prior-contents sheet naming the product, the fill date and the company that filled it
- Four photographs of the actual unit plus an image of the cage stamp
- The grade assigned, and the published criteria that grade commits us to
- A wash record where the unit went through Route 2, 3 or 4, with temperature, dwell, rinse count and final rinse conductivity
- A leak test record for every Grade A and Grade B unit: method, pressure, hold time and measured decay
- The UN plate photograph and periodic test dates where the unit is marked
- A component list naming gasket material, valve type and cap type
- The cage passport ID, so the whole service history can be reissued later
- An allergen flag where a prior food cargo included dairy, egg or tree-nut oils
- A standing take-back offer: when you are finished, we collect and pay
Cargo weight by specific gravity.
| Cargo | SG | 275 gal net | 275 gal gross | 330 gal gross | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ethanol, 190 proof | 0.81 | 1,858 lb | 1,985 lb | 2,375 lb | Flammable — conductive container required |
| Used motor oil | 0.89 | 2,042 lb | 2,169 lb | 2,595 lb | Warm before pumping in winter |
| Canola oil, refined | 0.92 | 2,110 lb | 2,237 lb | 2,678 lb | Hot wash route only |
| Water | 1.00 | 2,294 lb | 2,421 lb | 2,898 lb | The baseline for everything |
| Propylene glycol | 1.04 | 2,386 lb | 2,513 lb | 3,008 lb | Commonest tote cargo in the Midwest |
| Urea solution 32.5% | 1.09 | 2,500 lb | 2,627 lb | 3,145 lb | Freezes at 12 °F |
| Hydrochloric acid 35% | 1.18 | 2,707 lb | 2,834 lb | 3,393 lb | Viton gaskets, never EPDM |
| Liquid cane sugar | 1.33 | 3,051 lb | 3,178 lb | 3,804 lb | Near the density limit for a 330 |
| Ferric chloride 40% | 1.42 | 3,258 lb | 3,385 lb | 4,052 lb | Stains HDPE permanently |
| Caustic soda 50% | 1.53 | 3,510 lb | 3,637 lb | 4,355 lb | 275 only; check the forklift rating |
| Sulphuric acid 93% | 1.83 | 4,198 lb | 4,325 lb | 5,208 lb | Steel or stainless service, not poly |
Gross figures include tare of 127 lb for a 275 and 145 lb for a 330 on steel pallets. The maximum net mass on the UN plate is a separate and binding limit.
Buying questions, answered at length.
Do you substitute units without telling me?
No. Container reconditioning depends on inspection outcomes we cannot fully predict, so units occasionally fail during processing.
When that happens we tell you immediately and offer the nearest available alternative, rather than quietly shipping something different and hoping the photographs were not studied.
Can I specify valve, cap and gasket?
All three, on any grade. If you name the cargo we will specify them for you rather than making you learn three buttress thread standards and six camlock types.
The most expensive eleven-dollar mistake in this industry is EPDM in aromatic service. It swells, extrudes out of the joint and fails without warning.
What payment terms do you offer?
Pro forma for a first order, net 30 on account once established, and purchase orders for public buyers as standard.
Quotes are valid thirty days. Beyond that we refresh rather than honour a stale number, in either direction — this market moves with resin, scrap steel and the agricultural season.
Will you tell me to buy something cheaper?
Frequently, and it is commitment seven of our circular pledge: every new-container quote includes the nearest reclaimed option with the carbon difference written out.
We also steer dense cargo from 330s to 275s, site water from Grade A to Grade C, and drinking water away from used bottles entirely.
What is the minimum order, really?
One unit, on every product line. There is no hidden minimum and no 'pallet quantity only' rule.
Freight is what makes single units expensive. Inside our six weekly lanes we will usually fold one tote into a scheduled route rather than quoting LTL, which is why a single-unit order to Toledo costs a fraction of a single-unit order to Dallas.
Can I see the exact units before paying?
Yes, and it is standard rather than a concession. Four photographs per unit plus the cage stamp, tagged to a bay number, emailed before payment.
This started as a way of ending a recurring argument about Grade B expectations. It turned into our most effective quality control, because an inspector who knows the photograph goes to the customer grades more conservatively.
Operational questions.
Do you work with public buyers?
Regularly — municipalities, fire departments, school districts, county emergency management and state agencies.
Itemised quotes with freight on a separate line, W-9 and insurance certificates in one email, sealed bids where required, and we will hold stock against a purchase order that has not cleared yet if you tell us the situation.
Can you run a fleet programme for containers I own?
Yes, and it is a large part of what the bench does. Out full, back empty, washed, inspected, gasket replaced, leak tested, back on your fill line.
Priced per unit against a defined scope with a guaranteed turnaround, plus a quarterly fleet health report forecasting how many cages and bottles are approaching end of life. That report is the part customers say they value most.
What is the single best way to cut my container cost?
Measure your real cycle time, which is almost always worse than you think. Annual fills divided by fleet size: most operators assume eight turns a year and measure four to five.
Fleet size is throughput multiplied by cycle time, so halving cycle time halves the containers you need. Scheduled collection rather than requested collection is the single biggest lever, and it costs nothing.
Do you ship internationally?
Yes. Steel or plastic pallets to avoid ISPM 15 timber treatment requirements, double-stacked empties because ocean freight is priced per container, and a wash record plus prior-contents documentation in the pack.
Twenty-two units floor-loaded in a 40-foot container, forty-four double-stacked empty. Block and brace properly: ocean movement is far more violent in the vertical and roll axes than road movement.
Why is there no phone number?
Cargo declarations have to be written to be worth anything, a container quote involves nine variables that nobody holds accurately in conversation, and most of our customers are on a forklift rather than at a desk.
Every form submission is read by a person and answered within one business day, usually much sooner. Nothing is agreed that is not written down. For genuinely complex work we will schedule a video call.
Can you deliver without a loading dock?
Yes. Liftgate delivery lowers units to ground level and is standard on agricultural and construction-site work, not an exception.
Arrange it at the quoting stage. A liftgate booked then costs a fraction of one arranged at the door, and a refused delivery costs more than both.
Freight arithmetic, in one place.
| Vehicle | 275 gal filled | 275 gal empty | 330 gal filled | Drums on pallets |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 53 ft dry van | 20 | 40 double-stacked | 20 | 80 |
| 48 ft dry van | 18 | 36 | 18 | 72 |
| 26 ft box truck | 10 | 20 | 10 | 40 |
| Flatbed, strapped | 20 | 20 (no stacking) | 20 | 60 |
| 20 ft ocean container | 10 | 20 | 10 | 40 |
| 40 ft ocean container | 22 | 44 | 22 | 88 |
| Pickup with trailer | 2–4 | 4–8 | 2–4 | 8–12 |
Twenty-two is the worst number of totes to order: a 53-foot trailer holds twenty, so twenty-two pays for two trailers to move two containers. We load-plan every multi-unit quote for exactly this reason.
Eight mistakes we watch customers make, repeatedly.
None of these are stupid. All of them are expensive, and every one of them has happened to somebody competent in the last twelve months.
1. Multiplying volume by 8.34 and forgetting specific gravity
A 275-gallon tote of 50% caustic soda grosses 3,637 lb, not 2,420. Forklift capacity ratings, racking beams and warehouse floors all care about the real number. This is the single most common serious miscalculation in liquid handling.
2. Buying Grade A washed for site water
Cosmetic condition has no effect on how well a container holds water for dust suppression. Grade C costs a third as much and lasts exactly as long under that treatment. Roughly half the customers who ask for Grade A are paying for appearance they do not need.
3. Fitting a vented cap for storage
A vented cap is a dispensing device. Left on a stored container it pumps moist air in all winter, and we have opened totes in March with half a litre of condensate sitting on top of the cargo. Solid cap in storage and transit; vent at the point of use.
4. Filling to the brim before a freeze
Water expands about nine percent on freezing and an HDPE bottle will crack at the lower corner near the sump almost every time. Fill water-based cargo to 85% and store where the unit can drain.
5. Reusing the gasket
The cheapest component in the assembly and the most common source of carried-over odour and cross-contamination. Gaskets take a compression set, harden, and hold prior cargo in the elastomer.
6. Ordering twenty-two units
A 53-foot trailer holds twenty. Twenty-two pays for two trailers to move two containers. Tell us if your number is flexible and we will tell you which way to move it.
7. Forcing a buttress thread
S60×6, S70×6 and S75×6 will each start on the others and then bind. Two turns and a stop means the wrong standard, and forcing it crazes the bottle neck permanently.
8. Storing translucent bottles outdoors
UV plus freeze-thaw cycling is what finally kills HDPE. We have measured 10% wall loss on the south face of bottles after five years in the open, with the shadow pattern of the cage printed onto the plastic. Black UV-stabilised bottles outlast translucent ones by three to four times outdoors.
The pages our own staff keep open.
The anatomy of a caged tote, part by part.
A 275-gallon caged IBC looks like one object and is actually five, each with a different lifespan, a different failure mode and a different second-hand value. Knowing which part you are buying is most of what separates a good purchase from an expensive one.
The inner bottle
Blow-moulded HDPE, 42 lb, nominal wall around 2 mm with deliberate thickening at the corners and the sump. It carries the cargo and nothing else. It is the part that ages: UV takes the surface, freeze-thaw cycling takes the corners, aromatic solvents soften the wall, and chemical stress plus mechanical stress together produce crazing. A bottle in indoor service with a compatible cargo will outlive the person who bought it. The same bottle in a Michigan yard, translucent, filled to the brim in November, has about five years.
The steel cage
Tubular galvanised steel, 55 lb, 44 to 54 welded nodes depending on the moulder. It takes every load the bottle cannot: stacking, strapping, forklift abuse, the hydrostatic push of a full bottle against its own walls. Cages outlast bottles roughly three to one, which is why rebottling exists as a trade at all. The failure modes are cracked nodes, a diagonal pushed out of square by impact, and red rust bleeding through a breached galvanising layer at a weld.
The base
Steel, composite, hybrid or timber, 22 to 44 lb. It decides how the unit can be handled and whether it can leave the country. Four-way entry and pallet-jack access are not universal, and a timber base without an ISPM 15 heat-treatment stamp will be stopped at a border. The welds attaching the cage to a steel base are a specific inspection point because a failed base weld makes the whole unit unstable under load with no other visible symptom.
The closures
A 6-inch top cap, a 2-inch discharge valve, the adapter stack at the outlet, and the gaskets. Together they weigh a few pounds, cost a fraction of the assembly, and cause most of the complaints: weeping valves, carried-over odour, cross-threaded adapters, vented caps left on in storage. We replace the valve, cap and gasket on every Grade A unit for exactly this reason — it is the cheapest possible insurance against the most common possible problem.
The markings
The UN plate, the cage stamp, the moulder's date wheel inside the bottle skirt. These are the unit's identity. The plate decides whether it can carry a regulated cargo and until when; the cage stamp is how we can reissue a seven-year service history years after the unit left the yard. A unit with an illegible plate is not scrap — it is a perfectly good container that has lost its licence, and it is priced accordingly.
If you only remember one thing: you are buying a bottle with a date on it, bolted into a cage that will outlive it, with hardware that should be new. Price the bottle, inspect the cage, insist on the hardware.
Chemical compatibility, container by gasket.
| Cargo | HDPE bottle | EPDM | Viton | PTFE | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water, potable | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Rebottled or Grade A food only |
| Sodium hypochlorite 12.5% | Good | Fair | Good | Excellent | Vent — the cargo off-gasses and will bulge a sealed bottle |
| Caustic soda 50% | Excellent | Excellent | Good | Excellent | SG 1.53 — 275 gal only, check the forklift plate |
| Sulphuric acid 93% | Not suitable | Not suitable | Fair | Excellent | Lined steel or stainless service, never poly |
| Hydrochloric acid 35% | Good | Not suitable | Excellent | Excellent | Viton only; HCl destroys EPDM in weeks |
| Nitric acid 10% | Fair | Not suitable | Good | Excellent | Oxidiser — embrittles HDPE over months |
| Phosphoric acid 75% | Good | Fair | Good | Excellent | Common fertiliser intermediate |
| Propylene glycol | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | The most-handled tote cargo in the Midwest |
| Ethylene glycol | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Label clearly — it is routinely confused with PG |
| Ethanol, 190 proof | Good | Fair | Excellent | Excellent | Flammable — conductive container and bonding required |
| Methanol | Good | Fair | Excellent | Excellent | Permeates slowly through HDPE; not for long storage |
| Mineral oil, white | Excellent | Not suitable | Excellent | Excellent | EPDM swells in hydrocarbons |
| Used motor oil | Excellent | Not suitable | Excellent | Excellent | Warm to 60 °F before pumping in winter |
| Diesel and heating oil | Good | Not suitable | Excellent | Excellent | Check local rules before storing fuel in an IBC |
| Vegetable and canola oil | Excellent | Good | Excellent | Excellent | Hot wash route afterwards or it polymerises |
| Urea solution 32.5% (DEF) | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Freezes at 12 °F, expands, then recovers |
| Liquid fertiliser 28-0-0 | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Excellent | Stains the bottle; does not harm it |
| Ferric chloride 40% | Excellent | Not suitable | Excellent | Excellent | Permanent orange staining — cosmetic only |
| Hydrogen peroxide 35% | Fair | Not suitable | Good | Excellent | Vented cap mandatory; dedicated bottle, never reused |
| Acetic acid 80% | Good | Fair | Good | Excellent | Odour carries over — dedicate the unit |
| Latex paint and coatings | Excellent | Good | Excellent | Excellent | Never let it dry inside; a cured film is unremovable |
| Toluene, xylene, MEK | Not suitable | Not suitable | Good | Excellent | Aromatic solvents swell and soften HDPE |
| Isocyanates and polyols | Refused | Refused | Refused | Refused | On our published exclusion list — they cure |
| Firefighting foam concentrate | Refused | Refused | Refused | Refused | PFAS risk; we will not take it at any price |
Ratings are for ambient-temperature storage in a reclaimed container, not for pressurised or heated service. Every 20 °F above 100 °F roughly halves the service life of the rating. When the cargo is not on this list, send us the SDS and we will tell you what we would and would not put it in.
The UN plate, decoded field by field.
| Field | Example | What it means | Why it matters to you |
|---|---|---|---|
| Container type | 31 | 31 = rigid IBC for liquids; 11 = for solids, gravity discharge | A 11-series unit is not rated for liquid, whatever it looks like |
| Material code | HA | H = plastic inner, A = steel outer. HZ = composite with other outer | HA1 is the common caged tote; HZ2 is a different animal |
| Design category | 1 | 1 = pressurised filling or discharge permitted; 2 = gravity only | A 31HA2 cannot legally be pressure-filled |
| Packing group | Y | X = PG I, II, III; Y = PG II, III; Z = PG III only | Y will not carry a PG I cargo no matter how clean it is |
| Month and year | 0324 | March 2024 manufacture of the complete assembly | Starts the 2.5 and 5 year test clocks |
| State of authorisation | USA | Country whose competent authority approved the design type | Needed for cross-border movement |
| Manufacturer / approval | M4518 | Approval holder and design type reference | How a periodic tester traces the original design |
| Stacking load | 2,500 kg | Permissible superimposed load, often on a second line | Zero means do not stack even empty |
| Max gross mass | 1,200 kg | Total permitted filled mass | The binding limit — not your forklift rating |
| Test pressure | 100 kPa | Hydraulic or pneumatic test pressure of the design type | Pressure discharge is only allowed inside this figure |
| Periodic dates | 03/26 · 03/29 | Last 2.5 year leak test and 5 year inspection | Out of date means out of regulated service until retested |
This summarises how the plate is laid out in practice, not the regulation itself. Where a cargo is regulated, your obligations come from 49 CFR in the United States or the TDG regulations in Canada, and your own compliance team has the final word.
Specification questions, in detail.
How long does an HDPE bottle actually last?
Indoors with a compatible cargo, longer than the business using it — we regularly handle bottles over twenty years old that pass every test. Outdoors, translucent, filled to the brim through Michigan winters: about five years.
What kills them is the combination of UV, freeze-thaw cycling and chemical stress acting together. Any one is survivable. All three together produce crazing, and crazing is the one condition with no path back.
Is stress whitening the same as crazing?
No, and the distinction is worth money. Stress whitening is localised opacity where the polymer has been strained, almost always a forklift impact near the sump. It looks alarming and is often not a failure.
Crazing is a network of fine branching cracks from chemical and mechanical stress together. It is an absolute disqualifier, it never improves, and the test is a raking light at a shallow angle across the surface. If you can see branching, the bottle is finished — though the cage and base are still worth money.
Can a cage be reused with a new bottle?
Yes, and that is what rebottling is: a new blow-moulded HDPE bottle fitted into an inspected cage and base. Cages outlast bottles about three to one, which is why the trade exists.
The cage goes through the same inspection as everything else first — 44 to 54 weld nodes counted individually, diagonals measured, base welds loaded, galvanising checked at the welds. We fitted 4,118 new bottles in 2025. Bench turnaround on contract work is 48 hours.
Do you have 350 and 500 gallon containers?
Yes, as stainless bins rather than caged composites. A 350-gallon square 304 bin is 48 × 42 inches and 55 inches tall with a 420 lb tare; a 500-gallon cylindrical 316L is 52 inches in diameter, 74 tall, 580 lb.
They are the right answer for aggressive acids above SG 1.6, for hot cargo, and for anything where you want a container that will outlive several poly ones. They do not stack, and the trailer count drops to fourteen for the 500s.
What is the heaviest cargo you would put in a reclaimed poly tote?
In practice, 50% caustic soda at SG 1.53 in a 275 — which grosses 3,637 lb — is about where we stop being comfortable, and we check the customer's forklift rating before quoting it.
Sulphuric acid at 93% and SG 1.83 we will not put in poly at all; that is steel or stainless service. The limiting factor is rarely the bottle's burst strength and almost always everything underneath it: forks, beams, floors.
How do I work out whether my cargo is too heavy for a 330?
Multiply litres by specific gravity to get kilograms, or gallons by 8.34 by specific gravity to get pounds, then add the tare — 127 lb for a 275, 145 lb for a 330 — and compare against the maximum gross mass on the UN plate.
The plate figure is the binding one. As a rough guide, cargo above about SG 1.4 belongs in a 275 rather than a 330 simply because the taller bottle puts more mass on the same footprint, and above SG 1.6 you are usually looking at lined steel or stainless rather than poly.
What is the difference between a 275 and a 330, apart from volume?
Height, mostly. Both sit on the same 40 × 48 inch footprint; the 275 is 46 inches tall in the standard build and the 330 is 53. The trailer count is identical at twenty on the floor, which surprises people.
The consequence is density: a 330 full of anything heavy puts more mass on the same square footage, so forklift ratings, racking and floors all need checking against the real figure. For dense cargo, two 275s beat one 330 and a half.
Where your order is standing right now.
The twenty-two point intake inspection.
| # | Check | Pass criterion | Fail consequence |
|---|---|---|---|
| 01 | Prior-contents declaration present | Named product, filler, fill date | Quarantine bay until named, or refused |
| 02 | Cargo against exclusion list | Not on the published list | Refused at the gate, load turned away |
| 03 | Residual heel volume | Under 1 gal, drainable | Charged back, or refused above 5 gal |
| 04 | Odour, cap off, ambient | No detectable cargo odour after rinse | Drops to Grade C or reclaim |
| 05 | Bottle wall thickness, four points | Within 15% of nominal | Reclaim |
| 06 | Crazing under raking light | No branching cracks anywhere | Reclaim — crazing never improves |
| 07 | Stress whitening at the sump | None, or faint and non-progressive | Grade C maximum |
| 08 | Bulge, measured at mid-wall | Under 6 mm from datum | Grade C or reclaim by severity |
| 09 | UV chalking on the sun face | Surface only, no wall loss | Grade C for outdoor-only use |
| 10 | Neck thread condition | Clean start, two full turns by hand | Rebottle or reclaim |
| 11 | Internal scope, 360° | No film, no deposit, no shadowing | Re-wash, then regrade |
| 12 | Weld node count and integrity | 44–54 nodes, none cracked | Cage repair or scrap the cage |
| 13 | Cage geometry, diagonal check | Within 10 mm across diagonals | Press back or scrap |
| 14 | Galvanising condition | No red rust through the zinc | Grade C, or wire-brush and paint |
| 15 | Base weld to pallet | All welds sound under load | Scrap the base, transplant the bottle |
| 16 | Pallet type and ISPM stamp | Matches order; stamp present if export | Re-sorted to the correct bay |
| 17 | UN plate legible | All fields readable, dates in date | Sold as non-regulated service only |
| 18 | Leak test, pneumatic decay | Under 1 kPa loss in 10 min at test pressure | Repair and retest, or reclaim |
| 19 | Valve function, full travel | Opens, closes, seals dry | Valve replaced |
| 20 | Gasket condition | Not reused on A or B — always new | New gasket fitted |
| 21 | Photographs, four plus cage stamp | In focus, bay number visible | Reshot before despatch |
| 22 | Passport record written | Cage ID, grade, route, dates, operator | Unit does not leave the yard |
Checks 05 to 09 are where most units lose a grade, and they are all condition of the bottle rather than cleanliness. A container can be surgically clean inside and still be Grade C because of what five Michigan winters did to the outside.
Fourteen stations: what happens between the gate and the truck.
A container that arrives on a Monday morning and leaves as Grade A food on Thursday has been through fourteen stations, and at eight of them it can lose a grade or be pulled out entirely. This is the route, in order.
1 — Gate and declaration
Nothing comes off the trailer without a named prior cargo in writing. No name, no entry; the load goes back. This is the single rule that protects everything downstream, because one undeclared pesticide tote in a recirculating wash loop can affect a hundred units before anybody smells it.
2 — Exclusion screen
The declared cargo is checked against the published exclusion list. Pesticides, pharmaceutical actives, PFAS formulations, isocyanates, radiological material, fire-affected units and polymerising oils are refused outright, whatever the condition and whatever the price.
3 — Heel drain and measure
Residual cargo is drained, measured and routed to the correct waste stream. Under a gallon is normal. Above five gallons the load is a liquid-waste job rather than a container job, and it is priced or refused as one.
4 — Weigh and log
Yard scale, not a unit count. Every published tonnage on this site traces back to this scale, which is why our disposition table reports weight and units separately and why they do not divide into each other neatly.
5 — Cage and base inspection
Node by node, 44 to 54 of them, counted rather than sampled. Diagonals measured. Base welds loaded and watched. Galvanising checked at the welds, which is where it always goes first.
6 — Bottle condition
Wall thickness at four points, raking light across the whole surface for crazing, sump checked for stress whitening, mid-wall measured for bulge against a datum. This is where most grade losses happen, and none of them are about cleanliness.
7 — Wash route assignment
Decided here, by prior cargo, by an inspector — not at the sales desk by price. A food cargo goes to Route 3 whether the customer asked for it or not; an industrial cargo cannot buy its way onto Route 3.
8 — Wash
Route 1 rinse, Route 2 hot caustic, Route 3 potable triple rinse, or Route 4 to a customer's own written SOP. Temperature, dwell, rinse count and chemistry dosing are logged against the cage ID as it happens, not reconstructed afterwards.
9 — Rinse verification
Third-rinse conductivity against the day's measured supply water, final pH, 360-degree internal scope, and an independent two-operator odour check with the cap off. Any one of them failing sends the unit back to station 8.
10 — Hardware
New gasket on every Grade A and B unit, no exceptions. Valve function-tested and replaced if scored. New cap. Adapter threads checked under a light. Tamper seal on anything food-grade.
11 — Leak test
Pneumatic pressure decay on the complete assembly, under 1 kPa loss in ten minutes. Method, pressure, hold time and measured decay are written to the record — a pass with no numbers behind it is not a leak test.
12 — Grade and passport
The grade is assigned against the published criteria and written to the passport with the cage ID, the wash route, the test dates and the operator who did it. Seven years of retention, reissuable on request.
13 — Photography
Four shots of the actual unit plus the cage stamp, bay number visible. These go to the customer before payment. It started as a way of ending arguments about Grade B and became our best quality control, because an inspector who knows the photograph goes out grades more conservatively.
14 — Bay and load plan
Into one of 168 numbered bays by grade and configuration, then load-planned against trailer capacity. Twenty on the floor, forty double-stacked empty. If your order is twenty-two units, this is the station where somebody emails you to suggest twenty or forty.
What 'food grade' means, and the four things it does not.
This is the phrase that causes the most confusion and the most expensive mistakes in this trade, in both directions: people buy far more than they need, and occasionally people buy something and call it food-grade when it is not.
What it means here
On this site, Grade A — Food means one documented prior cargo, that cargo was a food product, the unit went through Route 3 — the potable triple rinse at 140 to 160 °F with food-safe alkaline chemistry — and it passed third-rinse conductivity against the day's supply water, final pH, a 360-degree internal scope and an independent two-operator odour check. New gasket, new cap, function-tested or new valve, tamper seal fitted, leak tested, photographed, and written to a passport record we keep for seven years.
What it does not mean — 1. It is not a certification
There is no body that stamps a used IBC as food-grade. Any supplier implying otherwise is describing their own internal standard, exactly as we are describing ours. The difference between standards is whether the disqualifiers are published and whether the records come with the unit. Ask both questions of anyone, including us.
2. It does not make the unit allergen-safe
A tote that previously held a dairy, egg or tree-nut-derived product has been washed to the same standard as any other food cargo, and we flag the allergen history explicitly — but washing is not a validated allergen removal process, and we will not pretend it is. If your product carries an allergen claim, buy rebottled. A new bottle has no history to flag.
3. It does not mean 'never held anything industrial'
That is a stricter claim, and it is the actual reason to buy rebottled rather than washed. A new bottle in a reclaimed cage costs 40 to 60 percent more than a washed unit and removes the whole question.
4. It does not transfer to your process automatically
Your own HACCP plan, your filler's requirements and your customer's audit may all demand things beyond the container: a dedicated unit, your own incoming inspection, a specific gasket elastomer, a particular closure, or documentation in a particular format. We will run Route 4 against your written SOP and log every parameter you name, which is usually the cleanest way to satisfy an auditor.
The practical decision
Drinking water, infant or allergen-claim products, high-purity water: rebottled, always. Food ingredient in the same category as the prior cargo, with the declaration in hand: Grade A food is genuinely appropriate and is what it exists for. Anything industrial, agricultural or utility: you are about to overpay by a factor of two or three, and roughly half the people who ask us for food-grade are in this row.
What actually moves the price of a reclaimed tote.
| Driver | Direction | Typical effect | Can you control it? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grade | A costs more than C | Up to 3× across the range | Yes — most buyers over-specify |
| Wash route required | Route 3 over Route 1 | +18 to +30% | Yes, by naming the real end use |
| New bottle (rebottled) | Up | +40 to +60% over washed | Yes — only food and potable truly need it |
| Quantity against trailer fit | 20, 40, 60 are efficient | ±15% on delivered cost | Yes, and this is the easiest saving |
| Freight zone and lane | Lane beats distance | ±40% on delivered cost | Partly — ask which day we run your lane |
| Season | B and C peak in spring | +15 to +20% March–May | Yes, if your timing is flexible |
| Pallet base specified | Steel or composite over timber | +4 to +20% on the base | Yes |
| New valve and cap | Up | Fixed per unit | Yes — reconditioned hardware is an option on C |
| UN plate in date | Up | +8 to +12% | Only if your cargo is regulated |
| Resin and scrap steel index | Both directions | Moves the whole market | No |
| Diesel | Up with fuel | Freight line only | No |
| Take-back credit on your old units | Down, against the invoice | Offsets part of the order | Yes — ask before you dispose |
We quote containers and freight as separate lines, because a single delivered number hides which of these twelve things you are actually paying for. If a quote you are comparing does not split them, ask.
Lead times, honestly, by grade and quantity.
| Order | Grade A food | Grade A washed | Grade B | Grade C | Rebottled |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1–4 units | 2–4 days | Same or next day | Same or next day | Same day | 3–5 days |
| 5–19 units | 3–6 days | 1–3 days | 1–2 days | Same or next day | 5–8 days |
| 20 (one trailer) | 5–8 days | 2–4 days | 2–3 days | 1–2 days | 7–10 days |
| 21–60 | 1–2 weeks | 4–8 days | 3–6 days | 2–4 days | 2–3 weeks |
| 61–200 | 2–4 weeks | 1–2 weeks | 1–2 weeks | 4–8 days | 4–6 weeks |
| Over 200 or scheduled programme | By schedule | By schedule | By schedule | By schedule | By schedule |
Grade A food is slower than everything else because Route 3 runs at 55 units a day against 90 on the other routes, and because the paperwork is checked twice. In March to May, add roughly a week to Grade B and C — that is the agricultural pull, and it is the most predictable thing in this market.
Price, quantity and when to buy.
When in the year should I buy?
Late summer for Grade B and C, if your timing is flexible. March to May is the agricultural pull and it puts fifteen to twenty percent on those grades while leaving Grade A almost untouched.
June to August is the softest point of the year on the grades that actually move seasonally. Buying Grade B in August rather than April is the single easiest saving available in this market, and it costs you nothing but storage space.
Do you charge for the documentation?
No, and we would rather you did not ask it as a question, because a supplier who charges for a wash record is telling you the record is a product rather than a byproduct of the process.
The prior-contents sheet, wash record, leak test, plate photograph, component list and passport ID come with every order. The vendor pack — W-9, insurance certificate, wash SOP, discharge permit, methodology, and the signed statement of what we are not certified for — arrives in one email, usually inside the hour.
What is the most expensive mistake buyers make?
Specific gravity, by a wide margin, and it is never the container that fails. A 275-gallon tote of 50% caustic soda grosses 3,637 lb rather than 2,420. What fails is a forklift, a racking beam or a warehouse floor rated for the water figure.
Second place is buying Grade A for a job Grade C does. Third is ordering twenty-two units. All three cost more than the containers did.
Can I rent instead of buying?
We do not rent, and the arithmetic is why: a reclaimed tote costs a fraction of a new one and holds residual take-back value at end of life, so for almost every use case buying and selling back beats renting.
Where people genuinely want rental, what they usually want is a scheduled programme — units delivered when needed, collected when finished, credited on return. That we do, and it behaves like rental on your cash flow without the premium.
Why is one supplier's Grade A cheaper than another's?
Because 'Grade A' is not a standard. It is whatever each supplier means by it, and the only way to compare two of them is to ask what would disqualify a unit from that grade and what records come with it.
A washed unit with one documented food cargo, a logged Route 3 wash, a new gasket and a leak test with numbers on it is a different object from a rinsed unit that looked clean. Both get called Grade A. One of them costs forty percent more and is worth it; the other is a gamble priced like a certainty.
Is it cheaper to buy twenty or to buy five, four times?
Twenty, nearly always, and the reason is freight rather than any volume discount on the containers. Twenty units fill the floor of a 53-foot van, so the freight per unit is at its lowest point on the whole curve.
The cliff is just past it: twenty-two units pays for two trailers to move two containers. If your number is anywhere near a trailer boundary, tell us it is flexible and we will tell you which way to move it.
Do you ever tell people to buy a cheaper grade?
Constantly, and it is the most reliable sales tactic we have. Roughly half the enquiries that ask for food-grade are for site water, dust suppression, ballast or fabrication, where Grade C does the same job for about a third of the price and lasts exactly as long under that treatment.
The money we lose on the first order we get back on the next four, and it means that when we do say you need rebottled, you can believe us.
One tote or five drums?
A 275-gallon tote holds the same as five 55-gallon drums. They are not interchangeable, and the deciding factor is almost never price.
The tote wins on
- Handling: one forklift move instead of five, one connection instead of five
- Floor space: 13.3 sq ft against roughly 20 for five drums on a pallet
- Dispensing: a 2-inch valve at the bottom beats pumping out of a bung
- Cost per gallon of container, typically by a wide margin
- Record keeping: one cage ID and one wash record instead of five of each
- Freight: 20 totes a trailer is 5,500 gallons; 80 drums is 4,400
Drums win on
- Splitting a batch across sites, days or production lines
- Weight per unit — one person with a drum dolly, no forklift
- Dedicating a container per cargo without dedicating a tote
- Aggressive cargo above SG 1.6, where lined steel drums are the practical answer
- Small-volume cargo where a part-full tote means a year of headspace and oxidation
- Sites with no forklift, no dock and no level bearing ground
Symptom, cause, what to do about it.
| Symptom | Most likely cause | Check first | Fix |
|---|---|---|---|
| Weeping at the valve when closed | Seat compression set from long open storage | Close fully, wipe dry, watch 10 min | Replace the valve; store closed in future |
| Drip from under the valve body | Flange gasket, not the valve | Feel behind the valve for wet | Pull the valve, new flange gasket |
| Cargo odour in a clean tote | Original gasket retained, or cap gasket | Smell the gasket itself, off the unit | New gasket; re-rinse; air with the cap off |
| Bottle bulging at mid-wall | Overfill, heat, or off-gassing cargo | Cargo SDS for gas generation; ambient temp | Vented cap at point of use; reduce fill to 85% |
| Condensate on top of the cargo | Vented cap left on in storage | Which cap is fitted | Solid cap for storage; vent only when dispensing |
| Crack at the lower corner | Water-based cargo froze at full fill | Fill level history | Unit is finished — we will take it back for reclaim |
| White cloudy patch at the sump | Stress whitening from forklift impact | Raking light for branching cracks | Monitor; no crazing means serviceable, Grade C |
| Fine branching cracks | Crazing, from chemical stress or UV | Any raking light at a shallow angle | Retire the bottle; the cage and base are reusable |
| Flow stops mid-discharge | Vacuum lock — no air in | Crack the top cap and listen | Vent while dispensing, always |
| Slow flow on a cold morning | Cargo viscosity, not a blockage | Cargo temperature against its SDS | Warm the product; never heat the bottle directly |
| Adapter binds after two turns | Wrong buttress standard | Compare S60×6 / S70×6 / S75×6 | Correct adapter or a proper reducer; never force |
| Cage node cracked | Impact, or a stacked load over rating | Count cracked nodes; check plate stack rating | Do not stack; return for cage swap |
| Tote rocks on the forks | Base weld failed at one corner | Lift 2 in and look at all four welds | Take out of service immediately — transplant job |
| Rust bleeding through the zinc | Galvanising breached, usually at a weld | Wire-brush a test patch | Cosmetic for utility use; fails food-grade intake |
| Label illegible after a season | Direct-print on HDPE in UV | Whether the UN plate is also fading | Stencil and clear-coat, or stainless tag |
The regulatory picture, in plain language.
This is a summary of how the rules work in practice, written so that you know which questions to take to your own compliance team. It is not legal advice and we are not your compliance team.
Two separate questions
First: is your cargo regulated for transport? If it has a UN number and a hazard class, the container needs to be a marked, in-date, design-approved packaging, and almost everything else follows from that. Second: is your cargo regulated for storage or use? That is a different body of rules — fire code, secondary containment, state environmental regulation — and a perfectly compliant container can still be in the wrong place on your site.
If the cargo is regulated for transport
The container needs a legible UN plate whose design category, packing group, maximum gross mass and test pressure all suit the cargo, and whose periodic test dates are in date: leak test every 2.5 years, full inspection and leak test every 5 years. A 31HA1 marked Y will not carry a Packing Group I cargo. A 31HA2 cannot be pressure-filled. Those limits are properties of the design type, not of how clean the unit is.
If the cargo is not regulated
Most of what moves in reclaimed totes — water, glycols, fertilisers, food products, utility liquids — is not regulated for transport, and the UN plate stops being a legal document and becomes a quality signal. This is why units with faded plates are good value: the container is sound, it has simply lost its licence for a job you were not asking it to do.
Who is responsible for what
The filler is responsible for the condition of the packaging at the moment of filling. That is the sentence worth internalising, because it means a supplier's wash record and leak test are inputs to your own decision, not a transfer of liability. Your incoming inspection matters, and the twelve-minute check elsewhere on this page exists for that reason.
What we will put in writing
The prior cargo and its filler. The wash route with every logged parameter. The leak test with its actual numbers. The UN plate photograph and the periodic dates. The gasket and hardware specification. And a signed statement of what we are not certified for, which is the half of a vendor pack most suppliers omit.
What we will not do
Tell you that a reclaimed container is compliant for your cargo. We do not know your cargo, your mode of transport, your jurisdiction or your customer's audit. We will give you every fact we hold about the container, promptly and in writing, and your own people make the call.
The six weekly lanes, and what riding one costs you.
| Lane | Runs | Transit | Single unit on the lane | Single unit on LTL |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Detroit metro and Ann Arbor | Daily | Same day | Lowest — folded into the route | Not worth quoting |
| Toledo – Findlay – Columbus | Tue, Fri | 1 day | Low | 3–4× the lane rate |
| Grand Rapids – Holland – Muskegon | Wed | 1 day | Low | 3× the lane rate |
| Flint – Saginaw – Bay City | Thu | Same day | Low | 3× the lane rate |
| Chicago – Gary – Milwaukee | Mon, Thu | 1–2 days | Moderate | 2–3× the lane rate |
| Cleveland – Akron – Youngstown | Tue | 1 day | Moderate | 2–3× the lane rate |
| Indianapolis – Fort Wayne | Alternate Wed | 1–2 days | Moderate | 2× the lane rate |
| Everywhere else in the lower 48 | By carrier | 2–6 days | n/a | Quoted per shipment |
Lane day beats distance, every time. A single tote to Toledo on a Tuesday costs a fraction of the same tote to Toledo on a Wednesday, because on Tuesday it rides a truck that was already going. Always ask which day we run your lane before you fix a delivery date.
The fourteen fields that make a quote unambiguous.
Send us these and the quote comes back the same day, correct. Leave half of them out and we start with questions, which costs you a day.
- Cargo, by product name — and the SDS if it is anything unusual
- Specific gravity, or let us look it up, but somebody must
- End use: storage, transport, dispensing, fabrication, standby
- Quantity, and whether it is flexible — this is where trailer arithmetic saves you money
- Size: 275, 330 or 350 gallons, or tell us the volume and let us pick
- Grade, or better, let us recommend one from the cargo and end use
- Gasket requirement, if your cargo has one — EPDM, Viton or PTFE
- Valve and cap: standard, new, vented or specified
- Pallet base: steel, composite or any — and whether it is leaving the country
- Whether the UN plate must be legible and in date
- Delivery zip code, and whether you have a dock or need a lift gate
- Delivery window, and whether it is hard or indicative
- Documentation you need, and the format your auditor wants it in
- Whether you have old units to go back on the same visit
Ten questions that tell you what a supplier actually is.
Ask these of us too. A supplier who answers all ten without hesitation is running a real process; one who cannot answer three of them is reselling whatever came in on the last truck.
- What was in this specific unit, and who filled it? Hesitation here is the only red flag that matters.
- What would disqualify this unit from the grade you just sold me? No published disqualifiers means no grading system.
- Can I see photographs of the actual units before I pay, with the cage stamp visible?
- What did the third rinse read, and what did your supply water read that morning?
- Is the gasket new? If not, why am I paying for a clean container with the old cargo's elastomer in it?
- What method, pressure and hold time was the leak test, and what decay did it measure?
- Are the periodic test dates on the plate in date, and will you photograph the plate?
- Are containers and freight quoted as separate lines?
- Will you put in writing what you are not certified for?
- Will you take these back at end of life, and will you pay for them?
Freight, delivery and collection.
Can I collect from the yard myself?
Yes, and it is the cheapest option of all. 11966 Brookfield St, Livonia, MI 48150. Bring straps, and tell us what vehicle you are bringing so we can have the units in a bay you can reach.
A pickup with a trailer takes two to four filled units or up to eight empties. December is the month we most recommend yard pickup, because freight pricing that month is genuinely unpredictable.
Do you hold stock for scheduled programmes?
Yes. If you need a predictable number of units on a predictable cadence, we reserve stock and plan wash bay capacity around it, which is worth more than a discount — it converts a lead time into a delivery date.
Route 3 capacity is the binding constraint at 55 units a day, so food-grade programmes need the most notice and are the ones where scheduling pays off most.
Why don't you have a telephone number?
Deliberately. Everything in writing means every grade claim, wash parameter, test result and freight quote is reviewable later — by you as much as by us — and nothing depends on what somebody remembers from a call.
In practice it is also faster. The reply to an emailed enquiry names the actual units with photographs and bay numbers, which is not something anyone can do while you hold the line.
What is the cheapest way to get one tote?
Ride a lane. We run six scheduled weekly routes out of Livonia, and a single unit folded into a truck that was already going costs a fraction of an LTL shipment of the same unit on a different day.
Ask which day we run your lane before you fix a delivery date. Lane day beats distance every time: a tote to Toledo on a Tuesday is cheaper than a tote to Toledo on a Wednesday by a margin that often exceeds the price difference between two grades.
Can you deliver without a dock?
Yes, but it has to be arranged at quote stage. A 53-foot van cannot put a tote on the ground by itself — that needs a lift gate, our own truck, or a forklift at your end rated for the real gross weight.
This is the most common reason a loaded truck leaves a site without unloading, and it is entirely preventable with one line in an email.
How many containers fit in a trailer, really?
Twenty filled 275s or 330s on the floor of a 53-foot van. Forty empties double-stacked. Eighteen filled in a 48-foot, ten in a 26-foot box truck, twenty-two in a 40-foot ocean container.
The number worth remembering is twenty, because it is the cliff. Twenty-two units pays for two trailers to move two containers, and we load-plan every multi-unit quote specifically to catch that before you commit.
Do you ship outside the Midwest?
Across the lower 48, by carrier, in two to six days depending on distance and lane density. Outside the six weekly lanes we quote per shipment because the freight stops being a rounding error and starts being a real part of the delivered cost.
For anything over twenty units the lane advantage matters much less, since you are paying for a dedicated trailer either way. Long-distance orders are usually full-trailer orders for exactly that reason.
Delivery readiness, so nothing goes back on the trailer.
Every item here has, at least once, sent a loaded truck away from a site without unloading. That costs both of us money and it is entirely preventable with an email.
- Somewhere level and bearing to put them — a full 275 is 2,420 lb on 13 sq ft
- A forklift rated for the real gross weight, not the water weight, if you are taking filled units
- Pallet jack access if the base is two-way only, which we will have told you
- Someone on site during the delivery window who can sign and who knows what was ordered
- A dock, or a lift gate requested at quote stage — a 53-foot van cannot put a tote on the ground
- Trailer access confirmed: turning radius, overhead clearance, gate width, weight limit on the approach
- Your own receiving check planned, with the despatch photographs printed or on a phone
- Secondary containment ready if your cargo or jurisdiction requires it
- Storage decided: indoors, or black and painted units if they are living outside
- The old units gathered in one place if we are collecting on the same visit
Rinse verification: the numbers behind a wash record.
| Measurement | Method | Pass tolerance | What it actually proves |
|---|---|---|---|
| Third-rinse conductivity | Inline probe, µS/cm | Within 10% of supply water | No dissolved residue carrying over |
| Supply water baseline | Measured each shift | Logged, not assumed | The comparison has a real datum |
| pH of final rinse | Probe | 6.5 – 8.0 | Caustic or acid fully flushed |
| Visual, 360° internal scope | Borescope on a mast | No film, no shadow, no deposit | Nothing clinging above the heel line |
| Odour, cap off, ambient | Two operators independently | Neither detects cargo | The check a buyer will make themselves |
| Wash temperature | Bay thermocouple, logged | Route 2 and 3: 140–160 °F | The chemistry ran where it works |
| Dwell time | Cycle timer, logged | Per route specification | Not a quick splash through |
| Rinse count | Counted charges, logged | Route 3: three full potable | Dilution did the work, not optimism |
| Drain-down | Inverted dwell | Under 100 ml retained | No pooled water to go stale in storage |
| Leak test after wash | Pneumatic pressure decay | Under 1 kPa in 10 min | The wash did not find a weakness |
Conductivity against the day's supply water is the measurement that matters, and it is the one most wash records leave out. A number with no baseline is decoration. Ask any supplier what their third rinse read and what the tap read that morning.
When to retire a container, and what happens to it then.
| Trigger | Severity | Reusable parts | Material route | Take-back value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Crazing anywhere on the bottle | Absolute | Cage, base, hardware | HDPE flake, 68% recovery | Partial — cage and base credited |
| Wall loss over 15% of nominal | Absolute | Cage, base, hardware | HDPE flake | Partial |
| Failed leak test after repair | Absolute | Cage, base | HDPE flake | Partial |
| Heat or fire exposure | Absolute, no exceptions | Nothing — all refused | Energy recovery | None |
| Excluded prior cargo | Absolute | Nothing | Licensed disposal | None, and we will say why |
| Persistent bulge over 6 mm | High | Cage, base, hardware | HDPE flake | Partial |
| Cracked weld nodes, three or more | High | Bottle, base | Baled steel, 92% recovery | Partial — bottle credited |
| Base weld failure | High | Bottle, cage | Baled steel | Partial |
| Odour that will not clear | Medium | Cage, base, hardware | HDPE flake | Partial |
| Illegible UN plate | Medium — regulated service only | Everything | Stays in non-regulated service | Full |
| Cosmetic staining | None | Everything | Back to service as Grade C | Full |
| UV chalking, surface only | None for utility use | Everything | Outdoor service as Grade C | Full |
Our standing offer is the same for all of it: when you are finished with a container, we collect and pay, including for units we will only break for material. That is cheaper for us than buying the same steel and resin on the open market, which is the whole argument for a take-back programme existing at all.
From enquiry to units on your dock, in seven steps.
No telephone lines, deliberately. Everything in writing means everything is reviewable later, by you as well as by us.
1 — You tell us the cargo and the end use
Not the grade. The cargo and what you are doing with it. Half the quotes we re-cut are because somebody asked for food-grade to hold site water, and the other half are because somebody asked for Grade B to hold a food product.
2 — We name a grade and say why
With the published disqualifiers attached, so you can see what would drop the unit out of that grade. If a cheaper grade does your job, we say so in the same email — it is a better business than selling you the expensive one once.
3 — Photographs of the actual units
Four per unit plus the cage stamp, tagged to a bay number, before you pay anything. Standard, not a concession, and not a stock image of a different tote.
4 — Containers and freight quoted separately
Two lines, always. A single delivered number hides which of a dozen variables you are paying for, and makes comparing two suppliers impossible.
5 — Load plan against trailer capacity
Twenty on the floor of a 53-foot van, forty double-stacked empty. If your number sits just over a trailer boundary we will tell you which way to move it before you commit.
6 — Despatch with the full record
Prior-contents sheet, wash record with logged parameters, leak test with actual numbers, UN plate photograph, component list, passport ID. One email, with the containers.
7 — Take-back, whenever that is
Months or years later, email the cage IDs. We collect and we pay, including for units that will only be broken for material. The record is still on file for seven years.
Washing, testing and verification.
What does a leak test actually involve?
Pneumatic pressure decay on the complete assembly: pressurise to the design test pressure, hold, and measure the loss. Our pass criterion is under 1 kPa in ten minutes, and the record states method, pressure, hold time and measured decay.
A leak test record with no numbers on it is not a leak test record. That is the single most useful thing to check on any supplier's paperwork, including ours.
Is there anything a wash cannot fix?
Plenty. Crazing, wall loss, a persistent bulge, cracked weld nodes, a failed base weld, heat exposure, an illegible plate — none of those are cleanliness problems and no wash route touches them.
And some cargo we will not try: pesticides, pharmaceutical actives, PFAS formulations, isocyanates, polymerising oils, radiological material, anything fire-affected, and anything nobody will name in writing. Those are refused at the gate, because the downside of being wrong is a drained loop and a contaminated batch.
What is the difference between rinsed and washed?
Route 1 is a rinse: one or two drained charges at ambient to 100 °F, verified visually. It produces Grade B and it is appropriate for a great deal of industrial and agricultural work.
Route 2 is a hot caustic wash: 140 to 160 °F, dosed alkaline detergent, three cascade charges, verified by conductivity and borescope. It produces Grade A washed. The gap between them is not a detail — it is the difference between a container that looks clean and one with a measured number behind it.
How can three rinses use only 11.5 gallons of fresh water?
Because the rinses cascade. The third rinse on one unit becomes the second rinse on the next and the first on the one after, so fresh water enters at the clean end and leaves at the dirty end. Eighty-six percent of bay water is recirculated.
It also means the direction of flow matters more than the volume, which is why the measurement we care about is third-rinse conductivity against the day's measured supply water rather than gallons used.
Can you get a cargo odour out completely?
Usually, and when we cannot the unit drops a grade and we say so rather than hoping you do not notice. Two operators check independently with the cap off at ambient temperature, because that is the check you will make yourself when it arrives.
The commonest cause of a lingering smell in an otherwise clean container is the gasket, not the bottle — the elastomer holds the prior cargo and no amount of rinsing the bottle addresses it. We fit a new gasket on every Grade A and B unit for exactly this reason.
What is ghosting, and does it matter?
A faint permanent shadow of a prior cargo visible through the bottle wall — most often from ferric chloride, a dye, or a strongly coloured fertiliser. It is cosmetic. The container holds and dispenses exactly as well as an unstained one.
It still costs a grade, because it means the prior cargo interacted with the polymer surface and because buyers reject it on sight. If you genuinely do not care how the tote looks, ghosted stock is some of the best value in the yard.
What happens to your wash water?
Eighty-six percent recirculates in the bay. The remainder goes to the sewer under an industrial wastewater discharge permit, whose number and latest sampling summary are in our vendor pack, and the sludge fraction is handled as a waste stream and appears in the residual line of our disposition table.
This is also why we will not advise you to pressure-wash a tote on your yard and let it run to a storm drain. That water is an effluent carrying your prior cargo, and in most jurisdictions it is a reportable discharge.
Using the container, answered at length.
How long can I leave a cargo sitting in a tote?
The container is usually not the limit — the cargo is. Hypochlorite loses strength continuously and faster when warm. Hydrogen peroxide off-gasses and needs a vent throughout. Vegetable oils oxidise. Latex is finished if it freezes. Glycols and fertilisers are indefinitely stable.
For the container itself: solid cap, valve closed, out of direct sun, filled to 85% if the cargo is water-based and the temperature will drop below freezing. Under those conditions a sound bottle will sit for years without any change we can measure.
Can I store drinking water in a reclaimed tote?
In a rebottled unit, yes — a new HDPE bottle in an inspected cage, with an FDA-compliant EPDM gasket and new closures. For potable water that is the only option we will sell you.
Not in a washed unit, however good the wash. The bottle has a history, and for drinking water the correct answer to 'what was in it before?' is 'nothing'. Keep it out of sunlight, use it within a season, and treat the water as your own responsibility rather than the container's.
Is a tote safe for diesel or heating oil?
The container handles it: HDPE is good with diesel and a Viton gasket is correct — never EPDM, which swells in hydrocarbons. The constraint is almost never the tote.
It is your local fire code, insurer and state environmental rules, which often restrict storing fuel in a non-metallic container, require secondary containment, or cap the volume on site. Check before you buy, because the container will arrive compliant and the installation may not be.
Can I use a tote for compost tea or digestate?
Yes, and Grade B rinsed is the right stock for it. The one rule is venting: biological activity generates gas, and a sealed cap on a fermenting cargo will bulge the bottle and eventually deform it permanently.
Fit a vented cap or a breather valve at the point of use, keep the unit out of direct sun to limit the temperature swing, and expect to wash it out between batches rather than at end of season.
What size tote for livestock water?
A 275 on a level bearing pad, Grade B rinsed with a documented prior cargo, black or painted rather than translucent. Translucent bottles grow algae in one season in the open.
Our framed trough build is the better answer if animals have direct access: a half-height open trough, 120 gallons, with the cage left intact as the frame. Full totes should never be where livestock can rub against them — 2,420 lb on four square feet does not need much persuasion to tip.
Can I heat the contents of a tote?
Gently and indirectly, never with a direct heat source on the wall. A blanket rated for IBC use, or a warm room, is fine. A torpedo heater pointed at the bottle, a flame, or any local hot spot is not.
Keep the cargo below 100 °F for normal service. Above that the bottle softens, creep accelerates and the stacking rating halves; above 120 °F do not stack at all. Heat-affected HDPE never recovers its original wall strength, and the failure comes later with no visible warning.
How do I get the last of the cargo out?
Tip the unit forward slightly so the sump is the low point, and vent the top cap while you drain — most 'the valve is blocked' calls are a vacuum lock, not a blockage. Crack the cap and listen for air.
Expect to leave under a gallon as heel in a standard sump. If recovering that last gallon matters to your economics, ask about units with a dedicated discharge geometry rather than fighting a standard sump.
How the container in your yard came to be shaped like that.
The modern caged IBC is a surprisingly young object, and almost every feature of it is the fossil of a specific problem.
Drums and nothing between
Liquids moved in 55-gallon drums or in bulk tankers. Anything in between meant handling dozens of drums, which is why the intermediate category was invented at all.
The first rigid composites
A blow-moulded plastic bottle inside a steel frame, sized to a pallet footprint so a forklift could handle it. The idea has not changed since.
The pallet footprint settles
40 × 48 inches in North America, 1,200 × 1,000 mm in Europe. Every trailer count on this site descends from that choice.
UN performance testing
Packagings began to be approved by design type and performance test rather than by prescription, which is where the 31HA1 marking family comes from.
Periodic testing arrives
The 2.5-year leak test and 5-year inspection cycle formalised, creating the date-stamped plate that decides whether a used unit can still carry a regulated cargo.
Reconditioning becomes a trade
Enough units in circulation, and enough value in a steel cage that outlasts three bottles, for washing and rebottling to be businesses rather than favours.
One bay and a used pressure washer
Re:IBCtote starts in a rented bay in metro Detroit, washing totes for local chemical blenders who could not get a straight answer about prior contents.
Grading gets published
We write down the disqualifiers rather than keeping them in an inspector's head, because the arguments about Grade B were taking more time than the washing.
The passport
Every unit gets a record keyed to its cage ID: intake, wash parameters, test results, grade, operator, dates. Seven-year retention, reissuable years later.
38,210 containers
Our largest year: 94.2% diverted, 4.4% residual published rather than rounded away, 4,281 tonnes of CO₂e avoided on factors we publish in full.
The same containers, different weather.
“Nobody has ever called us about a container failing. They call about a forklift, a rack or a floor, and it is always the same arithmetic: they multiplied gallons by 8.34 and the cargo was not water.”
Send us the cargo, not the grade.
Tell us what is going in the container and what you are doing with it, and we will name the grade, say what would disqualify a unit from it, and tell you if something cheaper does the job. That last part is why people come back.